This module introduces cybersecurity from a business point of view based on research with the Fortune 1000 and cyber insurance industry using a digital asset methodology.

In 2001, 10% of a business was digital, today 85% of an organization’s value is digital. This module focuses on building student understanding of how cybersecurity evolved out of information technology, addresses key cyber-related business and technical roles, demonstrates the consequences of poor cyber hygiene and reviews cybersecurity trends.

In addition to the evolution of cyber, students learn to communicate in the language of cybersecurity, study data breaches, attack surfaces, enterprise threats of today and enterprise cybersecurity programs components. Each student is required to conduct a data breach case study and do an online lab. The lab assignment is an inventory of digital assets of their organization or a fictious or public organization. The lab uses the ValuRisQ platform. Digital Asset Inventories contain about a dozen attributes needed for cyber risk quantification and scoring that will be performed in later modules. The digital asset inventory aims at identifying crown jewel assets and validating the key attributes used in cyber risk scoring related to the asset behavioral and user behavioral analytics.

Here are the main digital asset objectives found in organizations:

• Systems – Sets of technologies purchased or developed by organizations for specific business purposes. Relates to data exfiltration metrics.
• Technologies – computer related components that typically consist of hardware and software, databases, messaging and devices. Relates to technology risks, assessments and systems.
• Processes – a set of digital rules that are utilized by one or more systems to take inputs, transform them and produce outputs that are reported or utilized by other systems. Relates to business interruption exposures and risks.
• Data Types – information that is processed and stored. Data can be classified into different types including privacy, credit card, intellectual property, customer data, supply chain data, etc. and relates to regulatory exposures

Module Grade:

Each student is expected to satisfy the following requirements:

• Quizzes (30%)
• Data Breach Case Study Assignment (20%)
• Digital Asset Lab (50%)

This module introduces cybersecurity regulation based on industry, geography, government and data type. It explores standards and frameworks aligning them to security control tests. Regulations covered at the Federal level are the Healthcare Information Portability and Accounting Act (HIPAA), Securities Exchange Commission (SEC), Graham Leach Bliley Act (GLBA), and the Fair Practices Act. Regulations at the state level focus on new privacy laws including the California Consumer Protection Act (CCPA), State privacy acts in Maine, Nevada, Colorado and the New York State Department of Financial Services Part 500 (NY CRR 500) and the Insurance Data Security Act. The module covers both organizational and third-party requirements. The module explores each control test, their use, and how to conduct the tests in a lab environment. Each student is required to do an online lab. The lab assignment is a security assessment of a system at their organization or a fictious or public organization. Security Assessments can be prescriptive or not. Controls can be mapped across frameworks. Here are the main objectives found in this module to map control assessment requirements to the following laws:

• Federal Regulations – Including FTC, FCC, OCIE, HHS and GLBA Laws
• State Regulations – Including CCPA, NYS DFS, State Privacy Laws, and the Insurance Data Security Act
• Industry Standards – Including PCI
• European Regulations – Including GDPR
• Frameworks – Including ISO27001, PCI-DSS, NIST 800-53, NIST CSF, COBIT, CIS Top 20 Controls, etc.

Module Grade:

Each student is expected to satisfy the following requirements: Quizzes (50%) Security Assessment Lab (50%)

This module introduces cybersecurity insurance. Many companies are now required to have cyber insurance to work with the federal government, their contractors and other commercial entities. Digital asset quantification aligns exactly to how a cyber insurance claim will be paid. Having the right amounts and steering clear of exceptions is critical to ensuring an investment. Ransomware is rising exponentially over the past few years and more so with the Corona Virus pandemic.

The course provides students with a method to create an effective ransomware strategy and gauge their preparedness for a ransomware attack. In this module, students will understand how to quantify cyber insurance and calculate the aggregate limit, and sub-limits including cyber extortion, business interruption and privacy sub-limits. The module explores first and third-party cyber risks and identifies gaps in current property and casualty insurance policies where claims would not be paid. A cyber insurance case study is required that explores a data breach or ransomware attack. Students learn trends and statistics and gaps in cybersecurity programs that might result in unpaid claims and how to avoid them.

Here are the main objectives of the cyber quantification lab:

• Aggregate limit calculation
• Cyber extortion sub-limit calculation
• Business interruption sub-limit calculation
• Privacy sub-limit calculation

Module Grade:

Each student is expected to satisfy the following requirements:

• Quizzes (20%)
• Cyber Insurance Case Study (30%)
• Cyber Insurance Quantification Lab (50%)

Cyber risk has mystified organizations for the past decade. Many companies do a vulnerability assessment and call it a risk assessment. A vulnerability assessment is an assessment of weaknesses in systems, it is not a risk assessment. Insurance companies gather lawsuit data and call that risk. Lawsuit data is based on incidents. Incidents have a 100% probability and are not risk. Some look at data from the deep and dark web and call spam propagation and botnets risk. They are threats. This course is based on three years of research with the Fortune 1000 and cyber insurance industry to understand why companies struggle to be cyber resilient. They are looking at the wrong data to make strategic decisions with long term consequences regarding budget, insurance, and cyber tools. Cyber risk is measured with two metrics – exposures and scores using impact and likelihood data.

This module provides students that ability to quantify cyber exposures and measure cyber risk scores. It demonstrates the use cases for cyber exposures including crown jewel asset strategies, identification of hidden exposures, vendor exposures, calculation of cyber insurance limits and sub-limits, and M&A due diligence. Students learn how to measure inherent cyber risk, residual cyber risk and the effectiveness of cybersecurity controls and its relationship to risk mitigation. Demonstration of use cases including identifying gaps in the organizations’ cybersecurity program and their vendors programs.

Risk modeling is taught to quantify:

• Data Exfiltration
• Business Interruption from Ransomware
• Business Interruption from DoS
• Regulatory Exposures

This course examines the relationships between inherent risk, security assessments and residual risk and offers strategies to prioritize remediation work. Risk modeling techniques are taught to measure inherent and residual cyber risks based on the digital asset characteristics, how it is used and protected.

Module Grade:

Each student is expected to satisfy the following requirements:

• Quizzes (30%)
• Policy Assignment (20%)
• Risk Modeling Assignment (50%)

A third-party risk management program is an essential part of being compliant with regulations. Vendors are responsible for 63% of reported data breaches. Each second, third and fourth party becomes a part of your digital ecosystem. Your digital ecosystem multiplies your cyber risk exponentially. Measuring these non-first-party cyber risks is crucial to avoid data breaches. Most recently, regulators have provided detailed guidance on requirements for risk assessments and monitoring of third-party cyber risk.

A recent survey conducted by the Ponemon Institute reveals that 53% of organizations had one or more data breaches caused by a third party, which cost an average of $7.5 million to remediate. Data breaches caused by third parties are twice as costly as internally caused data breaches and are devastating to small businesses.

In this module students will learn about the types of third parties in your supply chain, vendor inventories, the specific risks associated with them, how to measure them and how to begin a third-party vendor management program.

Module Grade:

Each student is expected to satisfy the following requirements:

• Quizzes (50%)
• Cloud Risk Modeling Assignment (50%)

Cybersecurity has been treated as an IT issue with dismal results. Cyber risk is owned by the board of directors and senior executives. They have the fiduciary duty to protect the digital assets. Effective strategies require the understanding of cyber maturity and useful metrics that are digestible to the risk owners. This module provides students the ability to measure cybersecurity maturity across over 20 different organizational attributes and map them to five categories: Unaware, Tactical, Focused, Strategic and Pervasive. The module focuses students on how to create an effective and resilient strategy using people, process and tools.

Students learn how to translate cyber risk metrics into actionable boardroom strategies to optimize cyber resilience. These include four major areas:

1. Protecting the digital assets
   • What are our most valuable digital assets? Which ones are crown jewels?
   • How much financial exposure do we have related to a data breach, ransomware, business interruption and regulatory loss?
   • How much hidden exposure do we have?
   • How do the digital assets compare in terms of their cyber risk?
   • Which digital assets are above their risk thresholds? By how much and why?
   • How effective is our cyber program?
   • What are the gaps in our cyber program?
   • What initiatives should we prioritize to lower risk?
   • Do we have enough cyber budget?
   • Do we have enough resources and how do we prioritize them?
2. Cyber Risk Transference
   • Do we have enough cyber insurance?
   • How much do we need exactly?
   • Are our sub-limits on ransomware, business interruption and regulatory loss enough?
   • What is our ransomware strategy?
3. Vendor Cyber Risk
   • What relationships do we have with vendors associated to our digital assets?
   • How much financial exposure and cyber risk do we have with these third parties? How can we reduce it?
   • How effective are the vendors’ cyber controls?
4. M&A Cyber Risk
   • We are planning to sell the company-how does our cyber resiliency impact our acquisition price?
   • We are planning to buy a company-what financial exposure will we inherit? How effective is their cyber program?

Module Grade:

Each student is expected to satisfy the following requirements:

• Quizzes (50%)
• Maturity Assignment (50%)